Roche Bobois was founded in Paris in 1960 by two furniture families. The Roche family (Philippe and François) and the Chouchan family (Patrick and Jean-Claude) met at the Copenhagen Furniture Fair in 1960. The Roches had operated a furniture store since 1950 in the former Alexandre Dumas theatre in Paris; the Chouchans ran Au Beau Bois on Boulevard Sébastopol — from which "Bobois" was derived. The company is publicly listed (Euronext Paris, ticker: RBO). Revenue in 2024 was approximately €448 million. The company operates 338 stores and franchise locations across 56 countries.

Roche Bobois develops collections in collaboration with international designers and fashion designers. Collaborators have included Jean Paul Gaultier, Missoni, Kenzo, Sonia Rykiel and designers such as Pierre Paulin and Hans Hopfer. The most iconic product is the Mah Jong sofa (designed in 1971 by Hans Hopfer) — a modular system with no fixed configuration. Manufacturing is primarily in Italy, France and Portugal. The company operates a second brand: Cuir Center.

Roche Bobois is one of the best-known international premium furniture brands in the consumer and hospitality segment. The brand positions itself as a carrier of the French Art de Vivre — with a communication model aimed directly at end consumers, deliberately bypassing the trade and relying on the showroom experience.